Betaalpas voor toeristen
In Iran kun je met je Nederlandse betaalpas niet pinnen. De reden hiervoor is dat door politieke schermutseling tussen de VS en Iran, Iraanse banken zijn uitgesloten van het wereldwijde betalingssysteem. Bedrijven als MasterCard en Paypal leveren helaas ook geen diensten in Iran. Dus om aan Iraans geld te komen moet je bij een bank of wisselkantoren terecht om je euro’s te wisselen. Omdat de waarde van de Rial (Iraanse munteenheid) lager is dan de Euro, kreeg je een stapel biljetten mee. Naast dat dit niet praktisch is, bracht zo’n pak geld ook extra zorgen met zich mee, met als gevolg dat je minder van je reis kon genieten. Dat is gelukkig verleden tijd. Iraanse banken hebben een betaalpas speciaal voor toeristen ontwikkeld. In dit artikel lees je wat een betaalpas voor toeristen is, waar je hem kunt aanvragen en wat je mee kun doen.
Hoe werkt een Iraanse betaalpas voor toeristen
Er zijn twee betaalpassen voor toeristen beschikbaar. De eerste is een betaalpas. Verschillende banken bieden dit aan. Vraag je gids waar je moet zijn of vraag hem aan bij de Mellat bank, een van de oudste banken van Iran. Deze bank heeft overal in het land bankkantoren, ook op het vliegveld. Neem je paspoort mee om een rekening en vul het aanvraagformulier in. De betaalpas kost eenmalig, afhankelijk van de aanbieder, tussen €10,00 en €20,00. Je kunt tot equivalent van €5000,00 naar je betaalpas laten overmaken. Bij de bank regelen ze dit kosteloos voor je.
De tweede betaalpas is een giftkaart. Deze is ook bij de bank verkrijgbaar. Je hebt hiervoor geen paspoort nodig. Je kunt met de giftkaart pinnen, maar je kunt er geen geld op laten storten of geld ermee opnemen via een geldautomaat. Als je er toch geld mee wil opnemen, dan moet je naar een bankkantoor van de desbetreffende bank gaan. Zorg dan dat je je paspoort en de aankoopbon van de giftkaart bij je hebt.
Betaalpas vs. Giftkaart
- Met een betaalpas kun je bij een geldautomaat geld opnemen, maar met giftkaart niet.
- Je kunt in Iran geld laten overmaken naar je betaalpas maar dit kun je niet doen met een giftkaart.
- Bij een betaalpas krijg je extra diensten van de bank. Bijvoorbeeld als je het kwijt bent of gestolen is, wordt je betaalpas met een telefoon naar de bank geblokkeerd. Dit is echter niet het geval met een giftkaart.
Wat kun je doen met een betaalpas voor toeristen
Geld opnemen: bij een geldautomaat contant geld opnemen, hotel en binnenlandse vluchten boeken en ook online aankopen mee afrekenen.
Winkelen: je kunt je aankopen in de winkel en er mee betalen. Vrijwel alle winkels in Iran zijn voorzien van een pinautomaat.
Om je schrik te besparen even een korte toelichting over hoe men in Iran omgaat met pincode. Het is niet zoals wij hier in Nederland gewend zijn met het verborgen houden van onze pincode. Dus schrik niet als de winkelier om je pincode vraagt. Mocht het voorkomen, laat de winkelier weten dat pincode privé is en dat je zelf je pincode wil toetsen.
Online winkelen: in alle webshops in Iran kun je met een betaalpas of giftkaart je aankopen afrekenen. Ook bieden beide betaalkaarten je de mogelijkheid om binnenlandse vluchten te boeken, hotels reserveren en of online diensten betalen.
Diensten gekoppeld aan betaalpas
| Diensten | kosten |
| Geld opnemen | gratis |
| Geld overmakenonline en bij de bank of geldautomaat | gratis |
| Betalen in de winkel | gratis |
| Online betalen | gratis |
| Blokkerenkwijt, gestolen of kapot | gratis |
| Advies inwinnen | gratis |
Wat gebeurt met het geld dat je na je vakantie nog over hebt op je betaalkaarten
Je kunt je aanmelden bij een bankkantoor van de bank waar je betaalkaart hebt gekregen. Zij zorgen dat je de rest van je geld in euro’ s terugkrijgt. Let op, bij een giftkaart moet je de aankoopbon van de giftkaart bij je hebben.
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‘A whole different mindset’
Accurate clockwork is one matter. But how future astronauts living and working on the lunar surface will experience time is a different question entirely.
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On Earth, our sense of one day is governed by the fact that the planet completes one rotation every 24 hours, giving most locations a consistent cycle of daylight and darkened nights. On the moon, however, the equator receives roughly 14 days of sunlight followed by 14 days of darkness.
“It’s just a very, very different concept” on the moon, Betts said. “And (NASA is) talking about landing astronauts in the very interesting south polar region (of the moon), where you have permanently lit and permanently shadowed areas. So, that’s a whole other set of confusion.”
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“It’ll be challenging” for those astronauts, Betts added. “It’s so different than Earth, and it’s just a whole different mindset.”
That will be true no matter what time is displayed on the astronauts’ watches.
Still, precision timekeeping matters — not just for the sake of scientifically understanding the passage of time on the moon but also for setting up all the infrastructure necessary to carry out missions.
The beauty of creating a time scale from scratch, Gramling said, is that scientists can take everything they have learned about timekeeping on Earth and apply it to a new system on the moon.
And if scientists can get it right on the moon, she added, they can get it right later down the road if NASA fulfills its goal of sending astronauts deeper into the solar system.
“We are very much looking at executing this on the moon, learning what we can learn,” Gramling said, “so that we are prepared to do the same thing on Mars or other future bodies.”
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Exactly who pays for lunar clocks, which type of clocks will go, and where they’ll be positioned are all questions that remain up in the air, Gramling said.
“We have to work all of this out,” she said. “I don’t think we know yet. I think it will be an amalgamation of several different things.”
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Atomic clocks, Gramling noted, are great for long-term stability, and crystal oscillators have an advantage for short-term stability.
“You never trust one clock,” Gramling added. “And you never trust two clocks.”
Clocks of various types could be placed inside satellites that orbit the moon or perhaps at the precise locations on the lunar surface that astronauts will one day visit.
As for price, an atomic clock worthy of space travel could cost around a few million dollars, according Gramling, with crystal oscillators coming in substantially cheaper.
But, Patla said, you get what you pay for.
“The very cheap oscillators may be off by milliseconds or even 10s of milliseconds,” he added. “And that is important because for navigation purposes — we need to have the clocks synchronized to 10s of nanoseconds.”
A network of clocks on the moon could work in concert to inform the new lunar time scale, just as atomic clocks do for UTC on Earth.
(There will not, Gramling added, be different time zones on the moon. “There have been conversations about creating different zones, with the answer: ‘No,’” she said. “But that could change in the future.”)
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Space, time: The continual question
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To add more complication: Time also passes slower the faster a person or spacecraft is moving, according to Einstein’s theory of special relativity.
Astronauts on the International Space Station, for example, are lucky, said Dr. Bijunath Patla, a theoretical physicist with the US National Institute of Standards and Technology, in a phone interview. Though the space station orbits about 200 miles (322 kilometers) above Earth’s surface, it also travels at high speeds — looping the planet 16 times per day — so the effects of relativity somewhat cancel each other out, Patla said. For that reason, astronauts on the orbiting laboratory can easily use Earth time to stay on schedule.
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For other missions — it’s not so simple.
Fortunately, scientists already have decades of experience contending with the complexities.
Spacecraft, for example, are equipped with their own clocks called oscillators, Gramling said.
“They maintain their own time,” Gramling said. “And most of our operations for spacecraft — even spacecraft that are all the way out at Pluto, or the Kuiper Belt, like New Horizons — (rely on) ground stations that are back on Earth. So everything they’re doing has to correlate with UTC.”
But those spacecraft also rely on their own kept time, Gramling said. Vehicles exploring deep into the solar system, for example, have to know — based on their own time scale — when they are approaching a planet in case the spacecraft needs to use that planetary body for navigational purposes, she added.
For 50 years, scientists have also been able to observe atomic clocks that are tucked aboard GPS satellites, which orbit Earth about 12,550 miles (20,200 kilometers) away — or about one-nineteenth the distance between our planet and the moon.
Studying those clocks has given scientists a great starting point to begin extrapolating further as they set out to establish a new time scale for the moon, Patla said.
“We can easily compare (GPS) clocks to clocks on the ground,” Patla said, adding that scientists have found a way to gently slow GPS clocks down, making them tick more in-line with Earth-bound clocks. “Obviously, it’s not as easy as it sounds, but it’s easier than making a mess.”
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